A medical student once mentioned feeling like he’s not working hard enough unless he’s on the brink of a breakdown. Similarly, one CEO admitted to feeling panicky during moments when she’s waiting to pick up her kids, perceiving it as wasted time. A software engineer revealed that skipping meals has become a norm due to the fear of falling behind.

As a Harvard Medical School psychology instructor and therapist treating anxiety and depression, I often encounter signs of toxic productivity among highly successful individuals. Toxic productivity occurs when the drive to be constantly productive takes a toll on your well-being, usually resulting in anxiety, depression, burnout, insomnia, or self-esteem issues.

Signs of toxic productivity include:

Constant Busyness

Many people feel they’re always rushing and can only relax once every task is completed. This false sense of urgency can cause anxiety as your brain misinterprets the constant pressure as a threat, triggering a fight-or-flight response. To manage this, try repeating “slow down” as a mantra and focus on slow, deep breaths for a few minutes.

Guilt and Shame

Feeling guilty for not completing tasks or ashamed of not meeting your own standards can lead to exhaustion, which can create a cycle of overwork and frustration. To address this, keep a journal to track your thoughts and identify patterns. Use self-compassion to counteract guilt and remind yourself that partial success is still progress.

Self-Worth Tied to Productivity

When you base your self-worth on productivity levels, fluctuations in output can affect your self-esteem. Suppose you find yourself labeling days as failures or successes based solely on your productivity. In that case, this might indicate an over-reliance on productivity for self-worth. Monitor your internal dialogue and practice speaking to yourself with the same kindness you’d offer a friend.

Difficulty Relaxing

For some, the rush of productivity releases “feel-good” brain chemicals, making downtime feel uncomfortable. This addiction to busyness can make it hard to enjoy unscheduled time. Reframe downtime as an opportunity for restorative activities, like closing your eyes and listening to ambient sounds.

Neglecting Self-Care

If self-care seems like a waste of time, you might be experiencing toxic productivity. Neglecting exercise, sleep, healthy meals, or even basic needs like using the bathroom can indicate this mindset. To improve this, give yourself permission to relax daily and create a bedtime routine that promotes restful sleep, such as listening to calming music or reading a book.

By recognizing these signs and implementing strategies to manage stress and prioritize self-care, you can achieve a healthier balance between productivity and personal well-being.